Are you or a loved one struggling with restless sleep, waking up tired, and feeling unrefreshed? You’re not alone. Our sleep patterns change as we age, and sleep disorders become more common. About 50 percent of people over 55 have difficulty falling asleep and maintaining a good night’s rest. But the good news is that there are practical solutions to help you overcome restless sleep and improve your overall health and well-being. This article will explore the common causes of sleep problems in older adults, diagnosis, and treatment options, including cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. At Westmont of Chico, we’re committed to providing supportive care and resources to help you or your loved one sleep better and live better. Call us today at 530-767-3886 to learn more.
What causes sleep disorders in older adults?
To understand how to address restless sleep in older adults, it’s vital to identify the underlying causes of sleep disorders. As you age, your body undergoes natural changes that can affect your sleep patterns. Additionally, certain medical conditions and medications can contribute to sleep problems.
Age-related changes affecting sleep
Sleep disorders in older adults are caused by natural age-related changes that affect the body’s internal clock and sleep-wake cycle. Your sleep patterns change as you age, and you may experience difficulty falling asleep, sleeping fewer hours, waking up frequently, or getting less quality sleep.
Medical conditions contributing to sleep problems
Older adults with underlying medical conditions are more likely to experience sleep problems. These conditions can disrupt sleep patterns, challenging falling or staying asleep throughout the night.
Sleep problems can be a common symptom of various medical conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, lung or respiratory conditions, and poor bladder control. For instance, up to 40% of people with Parkinson’s disease have obstructive sleep apnea. In contrast, Alzheimer’s disease can cause daytime drowsiness and difficulty staying asleep at night. By addressing these underlying medical conditions, you can improve your sleep quality.
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Common Sleep Problems in the Elderly
There’s a significant difference between regular age-related sleep changes and sleep disorders. While sleep patterns change as people age, disturbed sleep and waking up tired are not part of normal aging. According to the National Institute on Aging, “A Good Night’s Sleep” (A Good Night’s Sleep | National Institute on Aging) is crucial for overall health and well-being.
Insomnia and Difficulty Falling Asleep
On average, about 50 percent of people over 55 have difficulty falling asleep and maintaining a good night’s rest. Insomnia is one of the most common medical complaints, especially in older adults. It often coexists with medical, psychiatric, sleep, or neurological disorders.
Sleep Apnea and Breathing Difficulties
Difficulties with breathing during sleep can lead to sleep apnea, a common sleep disorder in older adults. Insomnia may also be associated with sleep apnea, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Sleep apnea is a severe sleep disorder that occurs when a person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. This can happen multiple times throughout the night, disrupting standard sleep patterns. According to the Parkinson’s Foundation, up to 40 percent of people with Parkinson’s disease have obstructive sleep apnea.
Restless Leg Syndrome and Movement Disorders
Difficulty moving your legs during sleep can indicate restless leg syndrome (RLS), a common sleep disorder in older adults. RLS may start at any age, but it more severely affects middle-aged and older adults, who may experience it more frequently and for longer periods. The exact cause of RLS is unknown, but it may be associated with iron deficiency, kidney problems, or certain medications. The symptoms of RLS can be uncomfortable and disrupt standard sleep patterns.
Daytime Fatigue and Sleepiness
It would help to have a good night’s sleep and feel rested and alert during the day. Daytime fatigue and sleepiness can indicate an underlying sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea or insomnia. Apnea can lead to daytime fatigue and sleepiness due to insufficient oxygen during sleep. This can affect your daily activities, mood, and overall quality of life. Talking with your doctor if you’re experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness is crucial. Remember, sleep disorders are not a normal part of aging, and practical solutions are available to help you sleep better. By understanding the common sleep problems in the elderly, you can take the first step toward improving your sleep quality and overall health.
Daytime Fatigue and Sleepiness
How are sleep disorders diagnosed?
Despite the prevalence of sleep disorders in older adults, diagnosis can be a complex process. If you’re experiencing restless sleep, it’s imperative to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of your sleep problems.
According to Sleep and Aging: Sleep Tips for Older Adults, a comprehensive diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, sleep diaries, and sleep studies.
Physical exam and medical history
Any underlying medical conditions, such as chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, or neurological disorders, can contribute to sleep problems. Your doctor will perform a physical examination and review your medical history to identify potential underlying causes of your sleep disorder.
Sleep diaries and sleep quality assessments
Physical symptoms, such as fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty concentrating, can indicate sleep disorders. Your doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary for 1-2 weeks to track your sleep patterns, including when you go to bed, wake up, and sleep quality.
A sleep diary can help identify patterns and habits contributing to sleep problems. Additionally, your doctor may use standardized sleep quality assessments, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to evaluate the quality of your sleep.
Sleep diaries
Polysomnography and sleep studies
Polysomnography (PSG) is a sleep study conducted in a sleep lab or at home using portable equipment. Sensors are placed on the body to monitor brain activity, heart rate, breathing, and body movement during sleep.
It’s imperative to note that PSG is typically recommended for suspected primary sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or REM sleep behavior disorder. The data collected during the sleep study helps your doctor diagnose and treat underlying sleep disorders.
By combining these diagnostic tools, your healthcare professional can identify the underlying cause of your restless sleep and develop an effective treatment plan to help you achieve better sleep quality.
Treatments for Sleep Problems
All individuals experiencing restless sleep can benefit from exploring various treatment options. If you’re struggling with sleep problems, consult a healthcare professional to determine the best treatment for your specific needs. As discussed in 5 Top Causes of Sleep Problems in Aging & Proven Ways to Overcome Them, addressing underlying causes and adopting healthy sleep habits can significantly improve sleep quality.
Lifestyle Changes and Sleep Hygiene Practices
Sleep problems often stem from poor sleep habits and unhealthy lifestyle choices. By making simple adjustments to your daily routine, you can improve the quality of your sleep. Establish a consistent sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, and optimize your sleep environment to promote better sleep.
Medications and Supplements for Sleep Aid
Practices such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) are often recommended as a first line of treatment for sleep disorders. However, in some cases, medications or supplements may be necessary to help regulate sleep. Hygiene practices, like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a sleep-conducive environment, should still be prioritized. Medications and supplements can be effective in addressing underlying sleep disorders. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment. They can help you weigh the benefits and risks of various options, including melatonin supplements, benzodiazepines, and nonbenzodiazepines.
Medications and Supplements for Sleep Aid
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Lifestyle changes like healthy sleep habits can effectively address sleep problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a non-pharmacological approach that targets the underlying thoughts and behaviors contributing to insomnia. Treatments typically involve
- a series of sessions with a trained therapist,
- focusing on strategies like sleep education,
- stimulus control, and
- time in bed restrictions.
CBT-I is highly effective in improving sleep quality and reducing symptoms of insomnia. By addressing the root causes of sleep problems, you can develop healthier sleep habits and improve the overall quality of your life.
Alternative Therapies for Sleep Improvement
Lifestyle changes and traditional treatments may not be enough to address sleep problems in some cases. Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, yoga, and mindfulness meditation, can promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality. Therapies like these can be used with traditional treatments to create a comprehensive approach to addressing sleep problems. By exploring alternative therapies, you may find additional relief from sleep disorders and improve your overall well-being. Recall that if you’re struggling with restless sleep, it’s necessary to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your specific needs. By exploring various treatment options and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can improve the quality of your sleep and enhance your overall health and well-being.
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Final Words
Summing up, restless sleep is a common issue affecting many elderly individuals, leading to serious health problems if left unaddressed. By understanding the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, you can take the first step towards improving your sleep quality. Note that cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle changes are often preferred over medications, which can have unwanted side effects. If you or a loved one is struggling with sleep problems, consult a doctor to determine the best action. With the right approach, you can regain control over your sleep and wake up refreshed and revitalized. Contact Westmont of Chico at 530-767-3886 to learn more about managing restless sleep and improving overall well-being.
